*Test on MONDAY, November 24
TEST FORMAT - 85 Questions:
20 matching (vocabulary)
40 multiple choice (grammar)
10 fill in the blank (using 'gustar' and verbs like it)
5 listening
10 reading comprehension (you will be given a short paragraph over specific topics. You will need to read the paragraph and answer the questions)
TEST REVIEW ANSWERS:
I. Saber vs. Conocer
Saber
and
Conocer
both mean "to know" However, we use them in different circumstances.
We use Saber when we know facts and information.
We use Conocer when we know people, places, or fields (fields of expertise). Think of conocer as being familiar with someone or something.
You can find the conjugations for Saber on p. 68 of your book. The conjugations for conocer are on page 57.
Remember also that verbs that end in -cer or -cir end in -zco in the yo form only. (merecer, obedecer, conducir, traducir, etc. These verbs can be found on p. 58 of your book)
The use of de to indicate possession
Remember that when we want to indicate ownership, we don't use the
's
like we do in English. Instead of saying "It is Sam's pen," we would say "it is the pen of Sam". "of" in Spanish is "de"
Translate:
I have Elena's books: Yo tengo los libros de Elena.
We deserve the professor's mirror: Merecemos el espejo del profesor.
They offer Samuel's gum: Ofrecen el chicle de Samuel.
I drive my mother's car: Conduzco el coche de mi madre.
She obeys her father's rules: Ella obedece las reglas de su padre.
Luisa's pen costs $2: El bolígrafo de Luisa cuesta dos dólares.
It is Marta's purse: Es el bolso de Marta
III. Possessive adjectives (mi/mis, tu/tus, su/sus, nuestro/nuestros, nuestra/nuestras, su/sus)
*You can find possessive adjectives on p. 60 of your book
Remember that possessive adjectives come BEFORE the noun and must agree in gender and number with that noun!
My pencil: Mi lápiz ("mi" because "lapiz" is singular...if "lapiz" was plural, it would be "lapices", and the possessive adjective would change to "mis")
Your wallet: Tu billetera
Our coins: Nuestras monedas
His key: Su llave
Your (formal) comb: Su peine
Your (plural) rings: Sus anillos
Our pockets: Nuestros bolsillos
My handkerchief: Mi pañuelo
Her bracelet: Su pulsera
His wristwatch: Su reloj de pulsera
Their earrings: Sus pendientes
Their pocketknife: Su navaja
My gum: Mi chicle
Your (tú) candy: Tus dulces
The only possessive adjective that changes gender is nuestro/a/os/as.
IV. Direct and Indirect Objects
DIRECT OBJECTS
me
te
lo, la
nos
los, las
Direct object pronouns are placed before a conjugated verb and after the word 'no' when it appears. They may also be attached to the infinitive or present participle (-ando/-iendo)
Remember also that the direct object pronoun 'lo' can refer to actions, situations, or ideas in general. When used in this way, lo expresses 'it' or 'that'
Lo comprende muy bien "He understands (that) very well"
No lo creo. "I don't believe it (that)"
Lo sé. "I know (it)."
Here is a list of different foods. Are they going to form part of your diet? Answer according to the model.
El bistec (steak) ----> No lo voy a comer. OR No voy a comerlo.
la banana --------> La voy a comer. OR Voy a comerla.
1. las patatas --> Las voy a comer. OR Voy a comerlas
2. el arroz ----> Lo voy a comer. OR Voy a comerlo.
3. los huevos ---> No los voy a comer. OR No voy a comerlos.
4. las manzanas --> Las voy a comer. OR Voy a comerlas.
5. las zanahorias --> Las voy a comer. OR Voy a comerlas.
6. los camarones (shrimp)--> No los voy a comer. OR No voy a comerlos.
7. el pan ------> No lo voy a comer. OR No voy a comerlo.
8. la carne -----> No la voy a comer. OR No voy a comerla.
9. la ensalada ----> La voy a comer. OR Voy a comerla.
10. el pollo -----> No lo voy a comer. OR No voy a comerlo
INDIRECT OBJECTS
me
te
le/se
nos
les/se
Like direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns are placed immediately before a conjugated verb. They may also be attached to an infinitive or a present participle.
No te presto el coche.
Voy a prestarte el coche.
Le estoy escribiendo una carta a Maria.
Estoy escribiéndole una carta a Maria.
**Since le and les have several different equivalents, their meaning is often clarified or emphasized with the preposition 'a' followed by a pronoun.
*It is common for a Spanish sentence to contain both an indirect object pronoun and a direct object pronoun. When this happens, the indirect object pronoun ALWAYS comes first!!!
Verbs frequently used with indirect objects can be found on page 71 of your book.
Translate:
Are you listening to me? ¿Me estás escuchando? OR ¿Estás escuchándome?
I am going to help you tomorrow. Te voy a ayudar mañana. OR Voy a ayudarte mañana.
Are you going to lend us your guitar? ¿Nos vas a prestar tu guitarra? OR ¿Vas a prestarnos tu guitarra?
My father helps me. Mi padre me ayuda.
Your friends visit them. Sus amigos les visitan a ellos.
Will you sell me your bike? ¿Me vendes tu bicicleta?
She sends him books. Ella le manda los libros a él. OR Ella se los manda.
V. Demonstrative adjectives (p. 69)
This bathing suit: Este traje de baño
Those sunglasses: Esos anteojos del sol
That hat: Eso sombrero
Those towells (way over there): Aquellas toallas
This surfboard: Esta tabla hawaiana
**Remember that demonstrative adjectives are ADJECTIVES, and all adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe!!!
VI. 'decir'
The conjugation for 'decir' can be found on p. 72 of your book
VII. the use of the definite article in a general sense (p. 86)
The following activity in your packet can be formed many different ways. The answers below are my own answers, so if you wrote something different, it won't necessarily be wrong. Remember that we use the definite articles (el, la, los, las) when we are talking about a subject in a general sense (for example, talking about FOOTBALL in general...not necessarily about one specific team or game)
1. fútbol: EL fútbol es un deporte peligroso.
2. natación: LA natación es un pasatiempo aburrido.
3. baile: EL baile es un deporte sano.
4. alpinismo: EL alpinismo es un pasatiempo peligroso.
5. pintura: LA pintura es un espectáculo interesante.
6. patinaje: EL patinaje es un pasatiempo útil.
7. caza: LA caza es un pasatiempo violento.
8. equitación: LA equitación es un deporte difícil
9. cerámica: LA cerámica es un pasatiempo aburrido.
10. lectura: LA lectura es un pasatiempo sano.
VIII. The construction of 'ME GUSTA'
Remember that we conjugate the verb 'GUSTAR' according to the subject, and the subject is whatever thing that we like (the thing that pleases us)
For example, when I want to say "I like handkerchiefs," I don't say "Me gusto pañuelos." Our subject is the handkerchiefs. It is not ourselves. The handkerchiefs are what are pleasing to us. We are not pleasing to ourselves. SO we must say "Me gustan pañuelos." That literally means "the handkerchiefs are pleasing to me." Handkerchiefs (pañuelos) is plural, so we will use the third person plural form of 'gustar' (gustan)
The same rules of conjugating 'gustar' apply to other verbs as well (like those listed in your packet: me disguta(n), me preocupa(n), me falta(n), etc.)
